Education Links

Optional Class Material

In addition to the assigned reading, below you will find a variety of links to material related to each chapter of the required reading including background information about some of the cases, analysis of some of the issues and cases, and other relevant material. Links are included under two different categories if they are relevant to both. This list will be updated frequently as new material is identified. There is also a list of websites that are more generally relevant to the course content at the bottom of the list.

You may want to explore some of the linked material quickly to identify any you think will be particularly useful or interesting to you and return to those when you have more time available.

Chapter 1

History of Education in the United States (Wikipedia) - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_education_in_the_United_States

Historical Timeline of Public Education in the U.S. - https://www.raceforward.org/research/reports/historical-timeline-public-education-us

The Struggle for Public Schools (Digital History) - http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtid=2&psid=3535

Tinker v. Des Moines Independent School District (Podcast) - http://www.uscourts.gov/about-federal-courts/educational-resources/supreme-court-landmarks/tinker-v-des-moines-podcast

Tinker - Bill of Rights Institute - http://billofrightsinstitute.org/educate/educator-resources/lessons-plans/landmark-supreme-court-cases-elessons/tinker-v-des-moines-1969/

Tinker v. Des Moines Independent School District (Oyez) (link to Supreme Court oral argument) - http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1968/1968_21

The Schoolhouse Gates (Make No Law - The First Amendment Podcast) (Legal Talk Network) - - https://legaltalknetwork.com/podcasts/make-no-law/2018/01/the-schoolhouse-gates/

What A Black Armband Means, Forty Years Later by Mary Beth Tinker - https://www.aclu.org/blog/free-speech/what-black-armband-means-forty-years-later

Supreme Decision (icivics.org) - game to decide a student free speech case - https://www.icivics.org/games/supreme-decision

Tinker Slide Show - https://prezi.com/hrczhd2u71hz/tinker-vs-des-moines-1969/

Tinker v. Des Moines - Landmark Cases - Episode #4 - Think LegalEase - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=27M3BO69ZCs&list=PL7G2tXf3ndnMMejGSmWA5GPn8lyiPyIOh

Tinker Tour (description by Mary Beth Tinker) (project of the Student Press Law Center) - http://tinkertourusa.org/about/tinkertour/

Mary Beth Tinker YouTube Video (March 2014)

Bethel School District No. 403 v. Fraser (summary of facts and decision) - http://www.phschool.com/atschool/ss_web_codes/supreme_court_cases/bethel.html

Matthew Fraser Speaks Out on 15-Year-Old Supreme Court Decision (Freedom Forum Institute) - https://www.freedomforuminstitute.org/2001/04/17/matthew-fraser-speaks-out-on-15-year-old-supreme-court-free-speech-decision/

Bethel School District No. 403 v. Fraser (Oyez) (link to Supreme Court oral argument) - http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1985/1985_84_1667

Matt Fraser's Speech (animated YouTube video) - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eKiT5C3afhQ

Kuhlmeier v. Hazlewood School District (Podcast) - http://www.uscourts.gov/about-federal-courts/educational-resources/supreme-court-landmarks/hazelwood-v-kuhlmeier-podcast

Bong Hits 4 Jesus (CNN) - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6x5hLOd-vUU

Supreme Court Oral Argument in Morse v. Frederick (Oyez) - http://www.oyez.org/cases/2000-2009/2006/2006_06_278/

Morse v. Frederick - Bill of Rights Institute - http://billofrightsinstitute.org/educate/educator-resources/lessons-plans/landmark-supreme-court-cases-elessons/morse-v-frederick-2007/

Student Speech Rights in the Digital Age by Mary-Rose Papandrea (60 Florida Law Review 1027-1102 (2008)) - https://lawdigitalcommons.bc.edu/lsfp/215/

Freedom Forum Institute's First Amendment Center - https://www.freedomforuminstitute.org/first-amendment-center/

First Amendment Schools - http://www.firstamendmentschools.org/

Court Cases Involving School Uniforms - http://www.ehow.com/info_7895468_court-cases-involving-school-uniforms.html

Speech on University Campuses

Chasm in the Classroom: Campus Free Speech in a Divided America (PEN America) - https://pen.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/2019-PEN-Chasm-in-the-Classroom-04.25.pdf?utm_source=Communications&utm_campaign=c66e477743-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2019_06_28_02_58&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_c67d07604c-c66e477743-247557817&mc_cid=c66e477743&mc_eid=1c977c328a

Doe v. University of Michigan - http://www.bc.edu/bc_org/avp/cas/comm/free_speech/doe.html

Chapter 2

Brown v. Board of Education (PBS - Landmark Cases) - http://www.pbs.org/wnet/supremecourt/rights/landmark_brown.html

Brown v. Board of Education (Street Law) - http://www.streetlaw.org/en/landmark/cases/brown_v_board_of_education

Brown v. Board of Education -quimbee.com video case brief on YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B-Pe3BTa1O8

Brown v. Board at Fifty - A Century of Racial Segregation, 1849-1950 (Library of Congress) - http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/brown/brown-segregation.html

Brown v. Board of Education - Bill of Rights Institute - http://billofrightsinstitute.org/educate/educator-resources/lessons-plans/landmark-supreme-court-cases-elessons/brown-v-board-of-education-1954/

Plessy v. Ferguson - quimbee.com video case brief on YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vsDTqtyiNZk

Beyond Brown (PBS) - http://www.pbs.org/beyondbrown/history/fullhistory.html

Little Rock School Desegregation (1957) (Martin Luther King, Jr. Encyclopedia) - http://kingencyclopedia.stanford.edu/encyclopedia/encyclopedia/enc_little_rock_school_desegregation_1957/

National Coalition on School Diversity - http://school-diversity.org

Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District (oral argument before Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals) - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VZoG8MInBb0

Guidance on the Voluntary Use of Race to Achieve Diversity and Avoid Racial Isolation in Elementary and Secondary Schools (U.S. Department of Justice Civil Rights Division and U.S. Department of Education Office for Civil Rights) - https://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/docs/guidance-ese-201111.pdf

Stories of School Integration - New York City Public Schools: Small Steps in the Biggest District (Century Foundation) (October 14, 2016) - https://tcf.org/content/report/new-york-city-public-schools/

Choosing a School for my Daughter in a Segregated City (Nikole Hannah-Jones) (New York Times) (June 12, 2016) - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/12/magazine/choosing-a-school-for-my-daughter-in-a-segregated-city.html?_r=0

Grutter v. Bollinger - quimbee.com video case brief on YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p27w_vE9wwM

Grutter v. Bollinger (excerpt from Supreme Court oral argument on behalf of the law school) - Supreme Court Clips - UMKC School of Law - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VCI0LC3EVmk

Grutter v. Bollinger - Bill of Rights Institute- YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cEzSvagZ_60

United States v. Virginia (excerpt from Paul Bender's oral argument on behalf of the Department of Justice) - Supreme Court Clips - UMKC School of Law - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dah63csj7F4

U.S. Department of Education Office of Civil Rights: Questions and Answers on Title IX and Single-Sex Elementary and Secondary Classes and Extracurricular Activities (December 1, 2014) - https://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/docs/faqs-title-ix-single-sex-201412.pdf

Single Sex Education: Pros and Cons (UCLA) - http://smhp.psych.ucla.edu/pdfdocs/singleeduc.pdf

Department of Education Issues New Interim Guidance on Campus Sexual Misconduct (Sept. 22, 2017) - https://www.ed.gov/news/press-releases/department-education-issues-new-interim-guidance-campus-sexual-misconduct and https://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/letters/colleague-title-ix-201709.pdf and https://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/docs/qa-title-ix-201709.pdf

Withdrawn U.S. Department of Education Questions and Answers on Title IX and Sexual Violence (April 29, 2014) - http://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/docs/qa-201404-title-ix.pdf

New York State Department of Education - Guidelines to School Districts for Creating a Safe and Supportive Environment for Transgender and Gender Nonconforming Students (July 2015) - http://www.p12.nysed.gov/dignityact/documents/Transg_GNCGuidanceFINAL.pdf

NYC Department of Education - Transgender Student Guidelines - https://www.schools.nyc.gov/school-life/policies-for-all/transgender-and-gender-nonconforming-student-guidelines

Title IX

Clarification of Intercollegiate Athletics Policy Guidance: The Three Part Test (Department of Education Office of Civil Rights) - http://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/docs/clarific.html

2008 Letter Reaffirming Application of Three-Part Test to High School Athletics (2008 U.S. Department of Education Office of Civil Rights) - http://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/letters/title-ix-2008-0327.pdf

U.S. Department of Education Office of Civil Rights Reading Room (scroll down for links to Title IX documents) - http://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/publications.html#TitleIX

A Title IX Primer (Women's Sports Foundation) - http://www.womenssportsfoundation.org/home/advocate/title-ix-and-issues/what-is-title-ix/title-ix-primer

Title IX Blog (Erin Buzuvis and Christine Newhall) - http://title-ix.blogspot.com

U.S. Department of Education Office of Civil Rights: Questions and Answers on Title IX and Single-Sex Elementary and Secondary Classes and Extracurricular Activities (December 1, 2014) - https://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/docs/faqs-title-ix-single-sex-201412.pdf

Department of Education Issues New Interim Guidance on Campus Sexual Misconduct (Sept. 22, 2017) - https://www.ed.gov/news/press-releases/department-education-issues-new-interim-guidance-campus-sexual-misconduct and https://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/letters/colleague-title-ix-201709.pdf and https://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/docs/qa-title-ix-201709.pdf

Withdrawn U.S. Department of Education Questions and Answers on Title IX and Sexual Violence (April 29, 2014) - http://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/docs/qa-201404-title-ix.pdf

Chapter 3

New Jersey v. T.L.O. (podcast) - http://www.uscourts.gov/about-federal-courts/educational-resources/supreme-court-landmarks/new-jersey-v-tlo-podcast

Your 4th Amendment Rights - http://judiciallearningcenter.org/your-4th-amendment-rights/

Search and Seizure, Due Process, and Public Schools (Center for Public Education) - http://www.centerforpubliceducation.org/Main-Menu/Public-education/The-law-and-its-influence-on-public-school-districts-An-overview/Search-and-seizure-due-process-and-public-schools.html

Supreme Court Oral Argument in Safford Unified School District v. Redding (Oyez) - http://www.oyez.org/cases/2000-2009/2008/2008_08_479

C-Span Interview with Dahlia Lithwick of Slate Magazine After Oral Argument in Safford Unified School District v. Redding - http://www.c-span.org/video/?285417-3/safford-unified-school-district-v-redding-reaction

Establishment Clause vs. Free Speech Clause

Elk Grove v. Newdow (excerpt from argument by Mr. Newdow) - Supreme Court Clips - UMKC School of Law - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BGcVrainpWU

Brittany McComb's Valedictorian Speech (Religious Speech Censored by High School) - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kqzfIitfHjU

Brittany McComb on Hannity and Colmes - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E0qgG6aV1HA

More Graduation Speech Controversies: http://dfw.cbslocal.com/2013/06/13/texas-valedictorian-retains-counsel-after-speech-censoring/;
http://www.coloradoindependent.com/153682/lessons-learned-censorship-of-a-gay-valedictorian
and http://www.dailycamera.com/boulder-county-schools/ci_28541114/investigation-finds-no-discrimination-twin-peaks-blocked-grad?source=pkg;

Chapter 5 - Free Exercise Clause

Religious Exemptions to Immunization Requirements - http://www.ncsl.org/research/health/school-immunization-exemption-state-laws.aspx

Home Schooling

A to Z of Home Schooling - http://a2zhomeschooling.com/laws/homeschool_laws_legalities_overview/

New York Home School Laws - http://a2zhomeschooling.com/laws/united_states/new_york_home_school_laws/ (requires submission and approval of IHIP (Individualized Home Instruction Plan), quarterly reports and an annual assessment including achievement tests)

Home School Legal Defense Association (about: http://www.hslda.org/about/) - https://www.hslda.org/laws/

Home Schooling Laws by State - http://education.uslegal.com/homeschooling/homeschooling-laws-by-state/

Time 4 Learning - https://www.time4learning.com/homeschool/state_homeschooling_info.shtml

Bullying

The Bully Project - http://www.thebullyproject.com/bullying_the_law

stopbullying.gov - https://www.stopbullying.gov/laws/

New York Anti-Bullying Laws and Policies - https://www.stopbullying.gov/laws/new-york.html

Rights of Transgender Students

Another Court Upholds Transgender Students' Bathroom Rights (Title IX Blog) (July 28, 2118) - http://title-ix.blogspot.com/2018/07/another-court-upholds-transgender.html

The Discrimination Administration - National Center for Transgender Equality - https://transequality.org/the-discrimination-administration

https://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/letters/colleague-201702-title-ix.pdf

Court Rejects Parents' Arguments That Privacy Requires Transgender Students' Exclusion from Bathrooms (Title IX Blog) (Jan. 13, 2018) - http://title-ix.blogspot.com/2018/01/court-rejects-parents-arguments-that.html

http://education.findlaw.com/discrimination-harassment-at-school/title-ix-protections-for-transgender-students.html

https://transequality.org/know-your-rights/schools

New York State Department of Education - Guidelines to School Districts for Creating a Safe and Supportive Environment for Transgender and Gender Nonconforming Students (July 2015) - http://www.p12.nysed.gov/dignityact/documents/Transg_GNCGuidanceFINAL.pdf

NYC Department of Education - Transgender Student Guidelines - http://schools.nyc.gov/RulesPolicies/TransgenderStudentGuidelines/default.htm

NYC Department of Education Transgender and Gender Nonconforming Student Guidelines (March 1, 2017) - https://www.schools.nyc.gov/school-life/policies-for-all/transgender-and-gender-nonconforming-student-guidelines

http://www.nclrights.org/cases-and-policy/cases-and-advocacy/student-v-arcadia-unified-school-district/

http://title-ix.blogspot.com/2015/11/round-up-gender-and-locker-roombathroom.html

Chapter 6 - Teacher Free Speech Rights

On the Job (Make No Law - The First Amendment Podcast) (Legal Talk Network) (about Garcetti v. Ceballos) - https://legaltalknetwork.com/podcasts/make-no-law/2018/02/on-the-job-free-speech-government-workplace/

Chapter 7 - Procedural and Substantive Due Process

Corporal Punishment in Schools - http://www.nospank.net/sam.htm

Corporal Punishment in Public Schools: Is the United States Out of Step? (Martha McCarthy) - http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ781980.pdf

School Financing Litigation

Gary B. v. Snyder (claiming a fundamental right to literacy and relying on Plyler v. Doe) - How a Lawsuit Filed Today in Michigan Could have Consequences for Schools Across the Country - Chalkbeat (Sept. 13, 2016) - https://www.chalkbeat.org/posts/detroit/2016/09/13/how-a-lawsuit-filed-today-in-michigan-could-have-consequences-for-schools-across-the-country/

Resource for School Funding Litigation (including state by state information) - http://schoolfunding.info

Ohio School Financing Litigation (history of litigation) - http://schoolfunding.info/litigation-map/ohio/#1485193513647-0438df80-558d

Chronology of Ohio Litigation in DeRolph v. State of Ohio (1991-2003) - http://www.bricker.com/resource-center/derolph/key-resources/resource/chronology-of-the-derolph-v-ohio-school-funding-litigation-412

New York School Financing (developments before and after decision in Campaign for Fiscal Equity, Inc. v. State of New York) -
http://schoolfunding.info/litigation-map/new-york/ and http://schoolfunding.info/litigation-map/new-york/#1483935373027-36380f69-4a8a and http://schoolfunding.info/litigation-map/new-york/#1483935373027-3dbbdb06-bbb7

Marrero v. Commonwealth (history of Philadelphia litigation challenging inequality in the Pennsylvania school system) (Public Interest Law Center of Philadelphia) - http://www.pilcop.org/marrero-v-commonwealth/#sthash.48YSEFdd.dpbs

Federal Education Laws

Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) (reauthorized in 2002 as the No Child Left Behind Act and in 2015 as Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA)) - http://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/oese/legislation.html

No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) - http://www2.ed.gov/policy/elsec/leg/esea02/index.html

Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) - http://www.ed.gov/esea

Title IX - http://www.titleix.info

Title IX - http://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/docs/tix_dis.html

Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) - Department of Education - https://www2.ed.gov/policy/gen/guid/fpco/ferpa/index.html

Clery Act (applies to colleges and universities) - https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/20/1092

Clery Act - Clery Center for Security on Campus - http://clerycenter.org

IDEA (Individuals with Disabilities Education Act) - http://www.parentcenterhub.org/repository/idea/

General Links

Freedom Forum Institute - https://www.freedomforuminstitute.org/about/

Freedom Forum Institute's First Amendment Center - https://www.freedomforuminstitute.org/first-amendment-center/

First Amendment Schools - http://www.firstamendmentschools.org/

Center for Public Education - http://www.centerforpubliceducation.org

FIRE - Foundation for Individual Rights in Education (free speech rights on college and university campuses) - https://www.thefire.org
and FIRE's 2017 year in review - https://www.thefire.org/fires-2017-year-in-review-for-student-and-faculty-rights-on-campus/