Police Department v. Mosley (1972)
But, above all else, the First Amendment means that government has
no power to restrict expression because of its message, its ideas,
its subject matter, or its content. To permit the continued
building of our politics and culture, and to assure
self-fulfillment for each individual, our people are guaranteed
the right to express any thought, free from government censorship.
The essence of this forbidden censorship is content control. Any
restriction on expressive activity because of its content would
completely undercut the "profound national commitment to the
principle that debate on public issues should be uninhibited,
robust, and wide-open." New York Times Co. v. Sullivan.
Necessarily, then, under the Equal Protection Clause, not to
mention the First Amendment itself, government may not grant the
use of a forum to people whose views it finds acceptable, but deny
use to those wishing to express less favored or more controversial
views. And it may not select which issues are worth discussing or
debating in public facilities. There is an "equality of status in
the field of ideas," and government must afford all points of view
an equal opportunity to be heard. Once a forum is opened up to
assembly or speaking by some groups, government may not prohibit
others from assembling or speaking on the basis of what they
intend to say. Selective exclusions from a public forum may not be
based on content alone, and may not be justified by reference to
content alone.
Simon & Schuster, Inc. v. Members of New York Crime Victims
Board (1991)
[T]he Government's ability to impose content-based burdens on
speech raises the specter that the Government may effectively
drive certain ideas or viewpoints from the marketplace. The First
Amendment presumptively places this sort of discrimination beyond
the power of the Government. The Son of Sam law is such a
content-based statute. It singles out income derived from
expressive activity for a burden the State places on no other
income, and it is directed only at works with a specified content.
Whether the First Amendment "speaker" is considered to be Henry
Hill, whose income the statute places in escrow because of the
story he has told, or Simon & Schuster, which can publish
books about crime with the assistance of only those criminals
willing to forgo remuneration for at least five years, the statute
plainly imposes a financial disincentive only on speech of a
particular content.