Unprotected Categories of Speech
Fighting Words - words in
a face-to-face exchange in the form of personal insults or
epithets which are likely to cause the average person to whom the
words are addressed to react violently. Fighting words do not
include political statements that the hearer finds deeply
offensive to his or her beliefs.
Obscenity - to be obscene, material must:
(1) be a work that the average person, applying contemporary
community standards would find, taken as a whole, appeals to the
prurient interest; and
(2) the work must depict or describe, in a patently offensive
way, sexual conduct specifically defined by the applicable
obscenity law; and
(3) the work, taken as a whole, must lack serious literary,
artistic, political or scientific value.
An example of a law that satisfies the second requirement is a
statute that define obscenity as limited to “patently offensive
representations or descriptions of ultimate sexual acts, normal
or perverted, actual or simulated.” A second example is a
definition that includes “patently offensive representations or
descriptions of masturbation, excretory functions and lewd
exhibition of the genitals.”
3) True Threats - defined
as “statements where the speaker means to communicate a serious
expression of an intent to commit an act of unlawful violence to a
particular individual or group of individuals.”
4) Child Pornography - visual depictions of actual
children engaged in sexual activity or the lewd exhibition of the
genitals. Unlike in the case of obscenity, “A trier of fact need
not find that the material appeals to the prurient interest of the
average person, it is not required that sexual conduct portrayed
be done so in a patently offensive manner; and the material need
not be considered as a whole.”